1:5 from him Refers to Jesus.
God is light A common metaphor in the ot and Jewish literature for God’s perfection (e.g., Psa 4:6; Isa 60:1–2). God’s light serves as a beacon for the righteous and leads others to Him (see Psa 27:1).
darkness Serves as a metaphor for sin, unrighteousness, and wickedness (see 1 John 2:8–11; compare 1 Cor 6:14–7:1).
Barry, J. D., Mangum, D., Brown, D. R., Heiser, M. S., Custis, M., Ritzema, E., … Bomar, D. (2012, 2016).
Faithlife Study Bible (1 Jn 1:5). Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.
1:5 John had divine guidance in the message he related. As an apostle he actually lived alongside the Son of God. Darkness had crept in among the readers whom John addressed. To dispel it John testified to him who is light. God sent the light of the world, Jesus (Jn 8:12).
Yarbrough, R. W. (2017).
1 John. In E. A. Blum & T. Wax (Eds.),
CSB Study Bible: Notes (p. 1994). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
5. First division of the body of the Epistle (compare Introduction).
declare—Greek, “announce”; report in turn; a different Greek word from 1 Jn 1:3. As the Son announced the message heard from the Father as His apostle, so the Son’s apostles announce what they have heard from the Son. John nowhere uses the term “Gospel”; but the witness or testimony, the word, the truth, and here the message.
God is light—What light is in the natural world, that God, the source of even material light, is in the spiritual, the fountain of wisdom, purity, beauty, joy, and glory. As all material life and growth depends on light, so all spiritual life and growth depends on God. As God here, so Christ, in 1 Jn 2:8, is called “the true light.”
no darkness at all—strong negation; Greek, “No, not even one speck of darkness”; no ignorance, error, untruthfulness, sin, or death. John heard this from Christ, not only in express words, but in His acted words, namely, His is whole manifestation in the flesh as “the brightness of the Father’s glory.” Christ Himself was the embodiment of “the message,” representing fully in all His sayings, doings, and sufferings, Him who is light.
Jamieson, R., Fausset, A. R., & Brown, D. (1997).
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (Vol. 2, p. 526). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.