2:24 The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the fundamental event of Christianity and the basis of the gospel. Peter made several important statements about the resurrection in this verse. First, it was God who raised Jesus from the dead. This pictures the resurrection as God the Father’s vindication of God the Son. Second, Jesus was literally dead before the resurrection, not simply injured. Thus his resurrection was no mere resuscitation. Notice also that Peter personifies death as an actual force that holds the deceased in its embrace. Third, death’s power was overcome by the resurrection, which means that believers should no longer fear it.
That is the impression we get from the move which Peter makes at this point in his speech. Up to now, he has been showing that the extraordinary phenomenon of the wind, the fire and the babbling tongues are best explained by claiming that the ‘last days’ have arrived, the time which the prophet Joel had spoken of. But now he changes tack. The reason the ‘last days’ are here is because of the resurrection of Jesus, nothing more nor less. But the resurrection of Jesus demands to be explained, not as an odd, isolated ‘miracle’, as though God suddenly thought of doing something totally bizarre to show how powerful he is. The resurrection of Jesus is best explained as the fulfilment of specific promises made by God through King David. And they show that the one who has been raised from the dead is the true son and heir of David. He, in other words, is the rightful king of Israel. This is the point where the journalists go scurrying off to file their reports: revolution is in the air!
Note how Luke insists that, for him as for all the early Christians, ‘resurrection’ wasn’t about a disembodied spirit going off to heaven, leaving a body behind in a tomb. That is precisely what the word ‘resurrection’ did not mean. ‘Resurrection’ was and is about a physical body being very thoroughly dead, but then being very thoroughly alive again, so that the normal corruption and decay which follows death wouldn’t even begin. This point is made graphically through Peter’s quoting from Psalm 16 in verses 25–28, and returning to it again in verse 31. The Psalm—which both Luke and Peter take as having been written by David himself—speaks of a ‘way of life’ in which one who dies will not be abandoned, and will not suffer the usual fate of the dissolution of the flesh. Instead, because of God’s utter and faithful reliability, the person in question will somehow come through death and out the other side.
Now, says Peter to rub the point in (verses 29 and 30): we know that David cannot have been referring to himself when he wrote this. After all, he died and was buried, and his flesh decayed and corrupted in the normal way. The only sense we can make of the Psalm is to read it prophetically; that is, to see it as expressing a deep ‘Davidic’ truth which would remain mysterious until, one day, a son of David would appear to whom it would actually happen. Then we would know that he was the one in whom the strange, dark prophecies had come true. Then we would know that ‘the last days’ had indeed arrived. And then we would know that he was indeed the rightful king. Peter has worked back, from the babbling of tongues being a sign of ‘the last days’ and the outpouring of God’s spirit, to the resurrection of Jesus as the sure and certain sign that he is the Messiah, the one Israel had been waiting for.
He ties the two points together in verse 33. Jesus has now been exalted at God’s right hand (as in Daniel 7, and as in Psalm 110, which he is about to quote). That is why he has been able to pour out the holy spirit with such dramatic effect. The extraordinary phenomena of Pentecost were the signpost. But Easter was the reality to which they pointed. And the meaning of Easter is: ‘God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Messiah.’
That is, of course, the call to all who have bought into, and perpetrated, systems of evil. The good news, the great news, of Jesus is that with his resurrection it becomes clear not only that he is Messiah and Lord, but that in his death he has dealt evil itself a blow from which, though it still retains some real power, it will never recover.
24 The crucifixion of Jesus, of course, was far from the end of the matter. Continuing the emphasis on God’s sovereignty, the third point in Peter’s message is that ‘God raised him from the dead’. The contrast between God’s exaltation of Jesus and the attitude of those who opposed him is a central aspect of the apostolic preaching (cf. 2:36; 3:14–15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:39–40; 13:28–30). Jesus’ resurrection was his ultimate accreditation and vindication as God’s servant and Messiah. The latter point comes out emphatically as Peter begins to demonstrate the fulfillment of David’s words (vv. 25–36). When it is claimed that God freed Jesus ‘from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep its hold on him’, a word that normally applies to the ‘agony’ of childbirth is used (tas ōdinas, ‘the birth pangs’). The whole expression (lysas tas ōdinas tou thanatou, ‘loosed the pangs of death’), part of which is borrowed from Psalm 18:4 (LXX 17:5), provides a mixed metaphor in which death is regarded as being ‘in labour’ and unable to hold back its child. God ‘brought the pangs to an end’ so that ‘the “birth” which is to bring Christ to light, may attain its goal’. It was impossible for the Son of David to be prevented by death from exercising his eternal, kingly rule. The expression from Psalm 18:4 is used as a way of explaining the meaning of Psalm 16:10 (LXX 15:10), which is about to be cited. The implication is that Jesus was resurrected because he already was the Messiah, not that he ‘became’ Messiah through resurrection (cf. v. 36 note).
The Lexham English Bible | |
Matthew 28:5–6 | 5 But the angel answered and said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. 6 He is not here, for he has been raised, just as he said. Come, see the place where he was lying. |
Mark 13:8 | For nation will rise up against nation and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places. There will be famines. These things are the beginning of birth pains. |
Mark 16:6 | But he said to them, “Do not be alarmed. You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene who was crucified. He has been raised, he is not here! See the place where they laid him! |
Luke 24:5–6 | 5 And as they were terrified and bowed their faces to the ground, they said to them, “Why are you looking for the living among the dead? 6 He is not here, but has been raised! Remember how he spoke to you while he was still in Galilee, |
John 10:18 | No one takes it from me, but I lay it down voluntarily. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take possession of it again. This commandment I received from my Father.” |
John 20:9 | (For they did not yet know the scripture that it was necessary for him to rise from the dead.) |
Acts 2:32 | This Jesus God raised up, of which we all are witnesses. |
Acts 3:15 | And you killed the originator of life, whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses! |
Acts 3:26 | God, after he had raised up his servant, sent him to you first, to bless you by turning each of you back from your wickedness!” |
Acts 4:10 | let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead—by him this man stands before you healthy! |
Acts 4:33 | And with great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was on them all. |
Acts 5:30 | The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you killed by hanging him on a tree. |
Acts 10:40 | God raised this one up on the third day and granted that he should become visible, |
Acts 13:30 | But God raised him from the dead, |
Acts 13:33–34 | 33 this promise God has fulfilled to our children by raising Jesus, as it is also written in the second psalm, ‘You are my Son; today I have fathered you.’ 34 But that he has raised him from the dead, no more going to return to decay, he has spoken in this way: ‘I will give you the reliable divine decrees of David.’ |
Acts 13:37 | But he whom God raised up did not experience decay. |
Acts 17:31 | because he has set a day on which he is going to judge the world in righteousness by the man who he has appointed, having provided proof to everyone by raising him from the dead.” |
Romans 4:24 | but also for the sake of us to whom it is going to be credited, to those who believe in the one who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, |
Romans 6:4–5 | 4 Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we may live a new way of life. 5 For if we have become identified with him in the likeness of his death, certainly also we will be identified with him in the likeness of his resurrection, |
Romans 8:11 | And if the Spirit of the one who raised Jesus from the dead lives in you, the one who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also make alive your mortal bodies through his Spirit who lives in you. |
Romans 10:9 | that if you confess with your mouth “Jesus is Lord” and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. |
1 Corinthians 6:14 | And God both raised up the Lord and will raise us up by his power. |
1 Corinthians 15:15 | And also we are found to be false witnesses of God, because we testified against God that he raised Christ, whom he did not raise if after all, then, the dead are not raised. |
2 Corinthians 4:14 | because we know that the one who raised Jesus will also raise us together with Jesus and present us together with you. |
Galatians 1:1 | Paul, an apostle not from men nor by men but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead, |
Ephesians 1:20 | which he has worked in Christ, raising him from the dead and seating him at his right hand in the heavenly places, |
Ephesians 2:5 | and we being dead in trespasses, he made us alive together with Christ (by grace you are saved), |
Colossians 2:12 | having been buried with him in baptism, in which also you were raised together with him through faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead. |
1 Thessalonians 1:10 | and to await his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus, the one who delivers us from the coming wrath. |
2 Timothy 1:10 | but has now been disclosed by the appearing of our Savior Jesus Christ, who has abolished death and brought to light life and immortality through the gospel, |
2 Timothy 2:8 | Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, a descendant of David according to my gospel, |
Hebrews 2:14 | Therefore, since the children share in blood and flesh, he also in like manner shared in these same things, in order that through death he could destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil, |
Hebrews 13:20 | Now may the God of peace, who brought up from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep, by the blood of the eternal covenant, |
1 Peter 1:21 | who through him are believing in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. |
Revelation 1:17–18 | 17 And when I saw him, I fell at his feet like a dead person, and he placed his right hand on me, saying, “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 18 and the one who lives, and I was dead, and behold, I am living forever and ever, and I hold the keys of death and of Hades. |